Plant growth regulation

ABSTRACT

PLANT GROWTH REGULANT COMPOUNDS AND COMPOSITIONS, PARTICULARLY STIMULANTS, CONTAINING N,N-DI-N-PROPYL-4-TRIFLUOROMETHYL-2,6-DINITROANILINE GENERICALLY NAMED TRIFLURALIN OR CACODYLIC ACID AND ITS SALTS OR COMBINATIONS THEREOF WITH EACH OTHER AND WITH 2,4-DICHLOROPOHENOXYACETIC ACID AND/OR 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID AND METHODS OF USING THESE COMPOUNDS AND COMPOSITIONS TO STIMULATE PLANT GROWTH AND STIMULATE AND INCREASE CROP YIELD AND ADJUST FRUITING TIME.

United States Patent I O 3,697,253 PLANT GROWTH REGULATION Robert R. MacMurray, 21 Colonial Ave., Haddonfield, NJ. 08033 No Drawing. Filed Apr. 11, 1969, Ser. No. 815,493 Int. Cl. A01n 9/00, 9/24 US. Cl. 71-97 22 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE 1 Plant growth regulant compounds and compositions,-

particularly stimulants, containing N,N-di-n-propyl-4-trifluoromethy1-2,6-dinitroaniline generically named trifluralin or cacodylic acid and its salts or combinations thereof with each other and with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and/ or 2,4,S-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and methods of using these compounds and compositions to stimulate plant growth and stimulate and increase crop yield and adjust fruiting time.

This invention relates to plant growth regulating compounds, compositions, particularly growth stimulants and method of stimulating growth and of stimulating and increasing crop yield. Another object of the invention is to provide growth stimulating compositions containing N,N-di-n-propyl-4- trifluoromethyl-2,6-dinitroaniline, having the generic name trifluralin as the active ingredient.

Another object of the invention is to provide growth stimulating compositions containing cacodylic acid or a salt thereof as the active ingredient.

' Another object of the invention is to provide growth stimulating compositions containing a combination of trifiuralin and cacodylic acid or a salt thereof as the active component. I

Another object of the invention is to provide growth stimulating compositions containing trifluralin and/ or cacodylic acid or a salt thereof in combination with 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and/or 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid or salts thereof.

A further object of the invention is to provide compositions and method of stimulating the growth of herbaceous and/or woody stemmed plants, annuals and perennials, which is of economic importance in that the invention can intensify the annual growth of plants, thus hastening their development to marketable or useable size, as in nursery, shrubbery or tree farms, can also increase the crop yield, i.e. the weight or number of fruit, and can favorably adjust the fruiting time.

These and other objects of theinvention will become more apparent as the following description proceeds.

. The invention is based on the discovery that certain herbicidal compounds, alone or in combination with each other provide effective plant growth stimulation when applied thereto in sublethal doses. These compounds are N,N di n propyl-4-trifluoromethyl-2,6-dinitroaniline, known generically as trifluralin, and herbicidal to germinating and seedling weed grasses as described in US. Pat. 3,257,190 and hereinafter called compound A; cacodylic acid and particularly the sodium salts thereof, as described in U.S. Pat. 3,056,668 and hereinafter referred to as compound B; 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid known generally as 2,4-D and the sodium salt thereof and hereinafter called compound C; and 2,4,S-trichlorophenoxyactic acid known generally as 2,4,5-T and the sodium salt thereof and hereinafter called compound D.

These compounds and compositions thereof are preferably formulated for use in emulsifiable concentrates, although they may be used as aqueous dispersions. They may also be prepared as wettable powders for sprays, as granules or as dispersions on carriers such as peat moss or vermiculite as is Well-known in the art.

It is preferred that the compounds or compositions be applied to woody stemmed plants after they have achieved their normal spring growth, but not so late in the summer that the newly induced growth would suffer from winter. With regard to herbaceous and crop bearing plants, it is preferred that the compounds or compositions be applied prior to the development of either buds or fruit.

To achieve growth or crop stimulation, the compounds or compositions are distributed over the area to be treated in a suitable formulation by methods well-known to the art, at the following rates:

A-at rates of from 0.5 gram to 100.00 grams per acre; Bat rates of from 0.3 gram to 4.0 grams per acre; Cat rates of from 0.17 gram to 124.0 grams per acre; Dat rates of from 0.08 gram to 63.0 grams per acre.

The rates are additive for combinations of the compounds.

To achieve plant growth and crop increase, I prefer to use the following rates of application:

A-0.8 gram to 8.0 grams per acre; B0.3 gram to 4.0 grams per acre; C0.17 gram to 0.78 grams per acre; D0.08 gram to 0.39 grams per acre.

Here again the rates are additive for combinations of the compounds.

These preferred rates of application are based upon the following examples, and are not to be deemed limitative since older and larger plants than those used may require larger rates of application. Further, if the compounds or compositions are applied through the soil, heavier concentrations may be necessary, for such application is less direct than is spraying upon leaves and stems. Plants upon which tests were carried out were Tiny Tim tomatoes, Dwarf peas, radishes, fern arbor vitae, Japanese holly, Russian olive, American holly, bush roses and climbing roses, as well as yew shrubs.

The following examples are non-limitative illustrations of the invention and the results obtained thereby.

EXAMPLE 1 Upon four yews which had accomplished their spring growth and had already turned dark green was sprayed an aqueous solution containing 5.0 cc./gal. of a concentrate comprising, by weight, 1.56% A (trifluralin), 4.58% B (the disodium salt of cacodylic acid), 1.14% C. (the sodium salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and acid), inert ingredients 92.16%, which concentrate is 0.56% D (the sodium salt of 2,4,S-trichlorophenoxyacetic sold commercially as Greenfield broadleaf weed and crabg'rass killer, a product of Eli Lilly and Company. Within 10"days'; 'theyews'werecover'ed with new growth, bright yellow green in color, up to 1 inch in length. At the same time, other yews exhibited only the occasional new shoots common to yews over the summer. The newly induced growth on the yews reached up to 10 inches in length within 2 months with normal feeding and no further application of the spray. The shrubs wintered very well and exhibited normal growth during the spring.

The same aqueous herbicidal solution was also sprayed to drip off on a variety of other woody stemmed perenials in mid-June 1967 with the same dosage as had been i used on the yews. This variety of plants included a small American holly bush, 15 rose bushes and climbers, and 14 Russian olive plants. These plants were all at least 2 years old, and one of the climbing roses was at least 13 years old at the time.

The holly bush had already accomplished its typical 3 to 4 inches of annual growth when it was sprayed in mid-June of 1967. By July 15, it had produced another 6 inches of new growth, and by mid-fall of 1967, had produced a total new growth for the year of 23 inches. Thus 19 inches of that total growth followed spraying.

A Peace |Rose bush, long established when sprayed in mid-June 1967, had typically put forth 3 to 5 new shoots per year over the previous several years. At the time of spraying, it was about 4 feet high, 3 feet across at the crown, and had produced 4 new shoots. After being sprayed, it put forth new shoots, up to 34 inches in length, 2 of which, by July 15, 1967, had developed 4 and 6 branches. All of the new shoots were in bud on July 15.

The 13 years old climbing rose, on a 6 foot trellis had several new shoots of 2 to 5 feet in length by mid-June 1967. Following spray vto drip off, by July 15, 1967 its earlier shoots had grown more than 3 additional feet in length, and the plant had put forth 5 new shoots.

The Russian Olive plants had been planted in May of 1966, being, at that time, well rooted 2 year old plants. In the summer of 1966 they grew about 8 to 10 inches. Until mid-Juneof 1967 they had grown another 10-14 inches of new growth. That new growth, which is at first covered with a velvety light green bark, had already begun to darken and harden when 14 of the plants were sprayed in mid-June of 1967. By July 15, those original new shoots had grown up to an additional 20 inches and had put forth branching shoots of up to 15 inches. Further, new leaf budsvhad burst forth all over the plants and new shoots had started from near their roots.

Meanwhile,-the untreated olives had settled down with their l0-14 inches of new growth which had sub- Tiny Tim tomato plants in 15 groups of 4 plants each and a control group of 4 plants, were sprayed and planted on August 27. The plants were about 11 weeks old at that time, but were not very large, having been in small trays. Some of them were in bud and flower, and a few had already formed fruit.

-These plants were sprayed with compound and com- I positionfsprays made up from individual aqueous stock solutions containing the herbicidal compounds in the following strengths, by weight, using N aOH to solubiliie C and D; V v i Percent A-Trifluralin l .5 6 B-Sodium cacodylate 4.58 C2,4-D 1.14 D2,4,5-T 0.56

The spray solutions were prepared by diluting the individual stock solutions with plain water at a rate of 5.0 cc. per gallon. The resulting spray solutions contained the herbicidal compoundsjin approximately the following parts per million:

A=20.0 p.p.m. B=61.0 p.p.m. C: 15.0 p.p.m. D==7.0 p.p.m. ABC=96.0 p.p.m. ABD=88.0 p.p.m. CAD=42.0 p.p.m.

Changes in height and stem thickening were observed. Those plants sprayed with the solutioncontaining the compounds A, B and D showed a vertical growth-about 20% in excess of the control group which was not sprayed with the test solutions but was'fed with the same nutrients as the test plants. i

The plants treated with the same group ABD showed, after 6 days, a moderate thickening at the upper part of the plant, at and above the lowest branches and heavy convolutions and stem looping as compared to only slight thickening at the upper part of the plant at and above the lowest branches and no convolute \growth. After 13 days they showed heavy stem thickening at the upper part of the plant at and above the lowest branches and moderate convolute growth. r

The .plants treated with group ABC showed, after 6 days as well as after 13 days, moderate stem thickening at the upper part of the plant at and above-the lowest branches and moderate convolute growth. The plants treated with group CAD showed, after 6 days, slightstern thickening at the upper part of the plant at and above its lowest branches and moderate convolute growth and after 13 days the same locus and degree of convolution was observed but the stem thickening was moderate.

In later days, it was observed that the stem thickening locus changed, moving down the main stem of theplant below the lower branches. In all cases, where stem thick ening took place, it occurred initially at the juncture'of branches with the main stem.

Because Fall was setting in, and certain experimental groups were bearing buds, flowers and fruit quite'heavily as compared to the control group, certain plants were potted andinstalled in a greenhouse.

In all, ten plants were placed in the greenhouse on Oct. 23, 1967. They were as follows:

Control Group 1, plant #1 Control Group 2, plant #2 Group A, plants #3 and 4 Group B, plant #4 Group C, plant #1 Group D, plant #1 Group ABD, plant #3 Group CA'D, plants #1 and 2.

Since space was limited, the plants in group ABC were not placed in the greenhouse although they had shown a remarkable growth in physical size. p j" I In the greenhouse I observed the budding, flowering and fruiting effects of the compounds and compositions, The results are summarized in Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Tablel shows the number of buds and flowers counted on-the several dates recorded. There is no totalling because the buds and flowers will turn tofruit'inflTable 2 and be totalled as ripe fruit harvested in Table 3.

TABLE 1.AVERAGE NO. OF BUDS AND FLOWERS PER -PLANT, AT EACH COUNT (ROUNDED) OVER THE PE- RIOD /23/67 TO 12/17/67, AND TO 2/10/68, INDEXED TO CON- TROL COUNT FOR EACH PERIOD Group Group average average To Inwhere To Inwhere 12/17/67 dex pertinent 2/10/68 dex pertinent Control...... 21 6;? (1.38

5 6 Aplantm 54 0.88} 91 1.34} Bplant.-. 100 1.64 73 1.07 Cp1ant 128 2.10 97 1. 43 Dplant 75 1.23 55 0.81 a e as -i 162 2:66 95 1140 TABLE 2.-AVERAGE NO. OF FRUIT FORMED PER PLANT (ROUNDED) AT EACH COUNT TAKEN OVER THE PE- RIODS 10/23/67 TO 12/17/67'AND-TO 2/10/68 INDEXED TO CON- TROL FOR EACH PERIOD, ROUNDED Group Group average average To In- .where To Inwhere 12/17/67 dex pertinent 2/10/68 dex pertinent Control plant ABD plantnu: CAD p1ant TABLE 3.AVERAGE NO. RIPE FRUIT PICKED PER PLANT (ROUNDED) AT EACH HARVEST DATE VER THE PE- RIODS 10/23/67 TO12/17/67 AND TO 2/10/68 INDEXED TO CON- TROL FOR EACH PERIOD, ROUNDED Tablesl and 2 demonstrate the crop stimulant propertiesof the several compounds and compositions as follows. In Table' 1, compound A, trifluralin, exerts an initially retardative eifect on budding and flowering producing only 81% of those produced by the control plant as of 12/ 17/67, but rises to a group average index, (for both plants) of' 1.1-8, or, 18% greater than the control performance as of 2/10/68. Despite the initial retarding, plants treated with trifluralin, outproduced the control plants over the entire time period.

The plant treated with compound B also outproduced the control plant. Timing differs, however, from that of compound A. Compound B produced a 64% increase (indexedto control as 1.64) over :control as of 12/ 17/68, falling overall to a 7% increase as of 2/10/68. Thus compound B Works its major effect in the earlier period.

1 Compounds C and D also Work their greatest elfect in the earlier periodgthat is, by 12/17/67. The plant treated with compound C outproduces the control plant at both dates, while that treated with compound D outproduces the control plant at 12/ 17/ 67 only.

- The plant'treated with composition ABD exhibits unusuala stimulation, having an'index of 2.31 (231%) to the control plant as of 12/17 /67, falling to 1.18 overall, as of 2/10/68, producing only- 18% more buds and flowers overall'than did the control plant. I

The plants, treated-with composition CAD exceed the control yield through 12/17/6-7, having a group average index (average ofboth plants) of 2.47 at that date, but afterward falling to an all inclusive group average index. of 1.34 on 2/10/68.

By compounds, percent:

In light of later experimental experience, it can be seen that these plants were dosed too strongly, which may account for the relatively poor showing overall as compared to 12/17/67.

Further, while this is a relatively weak experiment because of the necessity to use so many single plants, instead of groups of two, three or more plants, it is still valuable, for it does indicate that the compositions tend to exceed the compounds in stimulating production of buds and flowers, and it also gives evidence of positive synergy.

The positive synergic behavior of the compounds when combined into the compositions is illustrated in Tables 1-A and l-B.

TABLE 1-A- Synergy indicated in Table 1, as of 12/ 17/ 67, by comparison of additive average percent diiference from control production of buds and flowers, and compositional percentage differences from control By compounds, percent: by compositions, percent A, B and D=68 ABD=131 A, C and D=114 CAD=147 TABLE l-B- Synergy indicated in Table 1, as of 2/10/68, by comparison of additive average percent difference from control production of buds and flowers, and compositional percentage diiferences from control By compounds, percent: By compositions, percent A, B and D=6 ABD=18 A, C and D=42 CAD=34 It is manifest that the compositions are more potent in achieving growth stimulation than are the individual compounds. It is also worth noting that compound A, trifluralin, compound B, sodium cacodylate, and compound D, 2,4,5-T., all induce budding and flowering performance in significant excess of that exhibited by the control plant, as does compound C, 2,4-D.

Similar interpretation can be made of Table 2, and much the same conclusions as to positive synergy can be drawn from the data in Table 2, as exhibited in Tables 2-A and 2-B below.

TABLE 2-A Synergy indicated in Table 2, as of 12/ 17/67, by comparison of additive average percent dilference from control fruit forming, and compositional percentage differences from control By compounds, percent: By compositions, percent A, B and D=4 ABD=124 A, C and D=4 CAD=109 TABLE 2-B Synergy indicated in Table 2, as of 2/ 10/ 68, by comparison of additive average percent ditference from control fruit forming, and compositional percentage diiferences from control .By compositions, percent A, B and D=53 ABD1=I3O A C and D=75 CAD 163 Turning now to Table 3, which simply indexes the total ripe fruit picked per spray group to that picked from the a control group, it is instructive to note that the trifluralin 7 TABLE 3+A Synergy indicated in Table 3 as of 12/ 17/67, by comparison of compounds additive percentage differences from control production of ripe fruit, and compositional percentage diiferences from control By compounds, percent: By compositions, percent A, B and-D=13 ABD=57 A, C and D=-13 CAD=68 I Table 3-A clearly indicates a synergic relation between the compounds in the compositions, a relation which accomplishes a positive and significant harvest effect.

TABLE 4A.TOTAL GRAM WEIGHT F RIPE FRUIT HAR- VESTED (ROUNDED) PER PLANT, 12/17/68 TO 2/10/68 IN- DEXED,(ROUNDED) TO GRAM WEIGHT OF CONTROL PLANT. ALSO, SIZE RANGE OF FRUIT HARVESTED Total gram Group weight inaverage Total gram dexed to where weight control pertinent Size range Control plant- 9 1. 00 um 4 s as; B plant- 116 21. 88 0 plant. 95 10. 65 D plant. 96 10. 66 ABD plant; 96 10. 66 CAD plant 51 3 TABLE. 4B.--ESTIMATED AND RECORDED GRAM WEIGHTS INDEXED TO ESTIMATED CONTROL WEIGHT Table 4-A relates to the elfect of the sprays of the gram weight of ripe fruit harvested as well as their size range. As a result of beginning to weight ripe fruit only on 12/17/68, the control group and group A are understated. This can be offset by a reasonable estimate of what those two groups would have yielded if their production of unrecorded ripe fruit :weight prior to 12/ 17, in grams, were proportional to the gram weight of their recorded production. This is presented in Table 4-B.

The control group has five fruit weighed and recorded (Table 4-A) for a gram weight of 9. Prior to recording gram weight, it has produced 19 ripe fruit. If each of the unweighed 19 were equivalent to the weighed 5, total gram weight of the and the 19 can be estimated to be 44 grams. Similar calculations produce estimates for the two group A plants of 56 and 63 grams, respectively.

. Recalculation then of the indices in Table 4-A give the more reliable indices of Table 4-B. The data of Tables 4-A and B show that every experimental spray group outperforms the control by substantial margins.

' EXAMPLE 3 1 In this experiment, two types of woody stemmed perennials were used to demonstrate the growth stimulating effects of the compounds and compositionslisted below. The two types of plants were Fern Arbor Vitae and Japanese Holly. Two separate batches of the arbor vitae were used, 15 experimental groups and one control group (2 plants per group) for a total of 16 groups per batch. a

One batch was fed frequently, and the other was fed only once. One batch of Japanese Holly was used comprising the same 16 groups, 15 experimental and-one control.-

The plants were sprayed with sprays made up from aqueous stock solutions containing the following percentage by weight of the following compounds: 7

Percent,

A--Trifluralin -a 1.40. B-Cacodylic acid 4.60 O2,4-D D2,4,5-T 0.52,

These stock solutions were diluted with plain water at a rate of 5.0 cc. per gallon, yielding spray solutions of approximate parts per million as follows:

Spray Spray Spray solution P.p.m solution P.p.rn solution P.p.n1

ibly marked to identify the plant as to batch, groupandj number (one or two).

To avoid contamination, the sprayers were thoroughly; washed and rinsed following each use. by washing them in a Warm detergent solution if the spray had contained, trifluralin; otherwise they were washed in clear'warmj water. In either event, after: washing, they were rinsed seven times in fresh clear warm water.

Having sprayed the plants outdoors to drip-01f, 6 at a time (2 Batch 1 Fern arbor vitae, ,2 Batch 2 Fern arbor vitae and 2 Batch 1 Japanese Holly) by each experimental spray, the plants were placed on tables in the greenhouse in clusters of 6 in sucha way that no one cluster could drip upon another, nor could subsequent waterings cause contamination until the sprays had been absorbed. Having been well watered the day before spraya ing, they were then not watered for 5 days to give plenty,

of time for absorption. I I On Dec. 3, 1967 the height of each pot was measured and the height of each plant, freestanding, above its pot,

rim. Measurements were made every week after Dec. 16

up through Apr. 6, 1968, taking a total height measure,

of pot plus plant.

On Jan. 3, 1968 a monthly measurement was made. in which the. plant was straightened .vertically above its base, and the height of its main stem tip above its apot rim was measured. 1

This new measurement requiredthat the height of the;

main stem tip above its, pot rim as of Dec. 2, 1967, theday of spraying be estimated. This was accomplished'as follows: What new growth had occurred in the meantime,

was easily identified. by its color,' measured, and that measure. subtracted .from" the Jan. -3,.z 1968Zmeasure of. plant height straightened above ,pot rim to determine the,

plants height straightened above the pot rim as of ,Dec.

2, 1967,. That estimated measure served as a base against; WhlCh to index the growthiof the individual plantsand,

groups of two plants.

This was done on January 3 for both batches of Fern ArborVitae and on Jan. 5, 1968 for the Japanese Holly.

Both the batch of Fern Arbor Vitae called Batch 1 and the Japanese Holly batch were fed 4 times inthe course of this experiment, while Batch 2 of the Fern Arbor Vitae was fed only once. The feedings consisted of about 4 ouncesof a 301010 fertilizer, dissolved at a rate of 1 tablespoon per gallon of water.

My Mar. 16, 1968, most of the plants in Fern Arbor Vitae Batch 2 showed pronounced signs of starvation, being, at the least, browned at the tips if not actually in the process of dying. That batch was then fed a second time, to prolong their life as long as possible. Many of them recovered, but their growth performance was poor relative to Peru Arbor Vitae Batch 1.

The only instances of browning which occurred in Fern Arbor Vitae Batch 1 were the two plants sprayed with solution ABOD, which was noted on 12/30/67, and in one plant sprayed with solution CAD, noted on 5/4/68.

In the tables concerning these plants, plants sprayed with Compound A (trifiuralin) are called Group A, etc. Tables 5, 6 and 7 summarize the growth regulating effects of the various compounds and compositions.

Tables S-B, 6B and 7-B are less instructive than Tables 5-A, 6-A and 7-A, because they reflect the effects of both helioand gee-tropism but they provide a comparison to the more valid Tables 5-A, 6-A and 7-A.

TABLE 5,-FERN ARBOR VITAE, BATCH 1, INDEX OF GROWTH STIMULATION, AVERAGE OF SPRAY GROUPS, 5/4/68 INDEXED TO AVERAGE OF 12/2/67 Free standing plant height, Main stem tip straightened subject to both helroand above pot gee-tropism Stim. Stim. exceeds Index of exceeds Index of Index control excess Index control excess Control. 1. Group:

A-...--. 1.17 (0.85) B X 2. 23 1.23 1. 15 X 1.39 1.22 1.10 D 1. 81 X 3.12 1. 41 2. AB..- 1. 23 (0.88) 1. 26 1. 30 AC 1.57 X 2.19 1. 27 1.35 AD 1. 28 X 1.08 1. 21 1.05 130. 1.23 (0.88) 1. 25 1.25 BD 1. 28 X 1. 08 1. 13 (0. 65) CD 1.66 X 2. 54 1.38 X 1.90 ABC--- 1.93 X 3. 58 1.47 X 2.35 AB 1.70 X 2.69 1.30 X 1.50 BOD-.- 1.68 X 2. 02 1.48 X 2.40 CAD..- 1.51 X 1. 96 1. 25 X 1. 25 ABOD- 1. 21 (0. 81) 1. 09 (0.45)

V In Tables 5, 6 and 7, the column captioned Index shows an index calculated by averaging the growth of the two plants in each spray group on the final observation date, which is then indexed to the average of the two 10 I Table S-A shows that three herbicidal compounds and eight compositions produced growth in excess of the control group, of from 1.08 (8%) to 3.58 (258%) more than the control. Most noteworthy is that two of the. compounds (B and D) and five of the compositions (AC, CD, ABC, ABD and BCD) produced morethan twice as much growth as did the control group. A sixth composition, CAD, very nearly, and to all practical purposes,

. doubled the control groups growth.

TABLE 6.-FERN ARBOR VITAE BATCH 2, INDEX OF GROWTH STIMULATION, AVERAGE 0F SPRAY GROUPS,

514/68 INDEXED TO AVERAGE OF 12/2/67 Index Index Exceeds of control Exceeds of control excess Index Index plants height on date of spraying. The column captioned Index Of Excess shows how much growth a given spray group produced, indexed to the growth of the control group as of the final observation date. It is calculated by taking, for example, the 58% growth over control (from the index column) for group B in Table 5-A, and dividing it by the 26% growth exhibited by the control group in Table 5-A. It is observed that Group B developed 223% as much growth as did the control group, which indexes to 2.23.

Some entries in the Index of Excess column are put in parentheses, because they indicate either an index of 1.00 or less, which means that their respective plants grew just in proportion to the control group, or less than proportionally.

It was necessary to use the Fern Arbor Vitae Batch 1 control in constructing the foregoing Tables 6-A and B, because the Batch 2 control plants died after six weeks. Rather than use only 6 weeks observations for Tables 6-A and B, it was preferable to substitute the Batch 1 controls, even though that substitution does understate the growth performance of the experimental plants in Batch 2 because the Batch 1 controls were fed more frequently.

Table 6-A shows that four compounds and three compositions induce growth in excess of that produced by the control.

TABLE 7..TAPANESE HOLLY, INDEX OF GROWTH STIMULATION, AVERAGE OF SPRAY GROUPS, Hal/68* INDEXED TO AVERAGE OF 12/2/67 Free standing pot. and Main stem tip straightened plant height subject to both above pot rim helioand gee-tropism Index Index Exceeds Exceeds Index control excess Index control excess Control--. 1. 11 1. 06 Group:

2. 73 1. 18 3. 0 (0. 1.09 1. 5 1. 36 1.10 (0. l7) (0. 82) 1. 02 (0.83) (1. 00) 1. 04 (0. 67) 2. 46 1. 10 v 1. 67 (0. 90) 1. 05 (0. 83) (0. 73) 1. 05 (0. 88) (0. 90) 1. 06 (1. 00) 1. 46 1. 06 (1. 00) 1. 46 1. 08 1. 33 (l. 00) 1. 04 (0. 67) (0. 64) l. 01 (0. 17) (0.73) 1. 01 (0. 17) (0. 64) 1. 02 (0. 33)

Control died before 5/4/68. Therefore 4/4/68 is used as end date.

Table 7-A shows that two compounds and three compositions are capable of'inducing' height growth in excess of, normal, as xempufi d'by the control plants. It should be" noted that the Japanese Holly reacted to the experimental sprays in a manner different from the Fern Arbor 'Vi taeQbut, as found out later, consistent with its own normal growth pattern. While the Fern Arbor Vitae exhibited growth that was chiefly linear along its mainstems and branches, the holly exhibited not only some linear growth but also put forth, in varying profusion, new shoots from the base of the plant as well as from the stem and lesser branches, thus producing a bushier shrub. In both cases, Fern Arbor Vitae and Japanese Holly, the artificially induced growth followed the natural growth pattern. For example, compound B produced a new shoot on one of the Japanese Holly plants, growing from the plants base, of 4.75 inches in length, and compound C, a similar shoot, of 5.25 inches in length.

The next four examples, 4 through 7, all originate in a single large experiment carried out through the spring, summer and earlyfall of 1968. The examples are more easily understood when presented singly. In all of these examples, neither sodium cacodylate nor cacodylic acid (the compounds denoted B in earlier experiments) were used. In every instance, stock solutions were prepared by dispersing the active ingredients in Tween #20, although any other non-ionic wetting or emulsifying agent could be used.

EXAMPLE 4 Approximate Active lngrediactive ingreent in stock 00. of stock dient in spray solution by solution per solution, p.p.m.

Spray solution weight, percent pint of water (rounded) A-Trifiuralin 1.48 12. 5 440. -D 12. 145. 0 D-2,4,5-T 0.25 12.5 78.0 AC-As above As above-. 25. 0 585. 0 ADAs above. do. 25. 0 518. 0 (JD-As above.. ..do 25. 0 224. 0 CAD-As ahove do 37. 6 664. 0

Butyl alcohol was used todissolve the compounds C and D (as in US. Pat. No. 2,412,510) and the resulting liquid was dispersed into Tween #20. The spray solutions TABLE 8.STEM AND LEAF EFFECTS OF EXPERIMENTAL SPRAYS UPON TINY TIM TOMATO AND 4/23/68 TO 5/12/68 1/12/68 STOCK SOLUTIONS. AT RATE OF 100 ccJgnl. OF SPRAY) 12 showed a pH of between 5 and 7, which was adjusted to between 3 and '4 by adding 25 drops of hydrochloric acid to each spray solution. (See U.S.' PatQNo. 2,412,510.) Specifically, on Apr. 21, 14 pots of the tomatoes and dwarf peas (7 of each) were sprayed to'drip-olf, 1 pot of each being sprayed with 1 of the 7 experimental solutions. To test the effect of the rather heavy dose of Tween #20, 1 pot of both peas and tomatoes was sprayed to drip-off with a spray solution consisting of 37.5 cc. Tween #20 in 1 pint of water. To avoidcontamination, separate sprayers were used for each spray, andafter spraying, each spray group was isolated in wooden flats.

Within 4 hours of being sprayed, the plants sprayed with trifluralin showed a response such that their leaves had begun to curl parallel to the leaf axis in spray groups A, AC, AD and CAD. After 12 hours, all of the treated plants but A (spray groups C, D, AC, AD, CD and CAD) exhibited both leaf and stem distortion, while the plants treated with Tween #20 showed no such effects." Table 8 shows the progressive effects of the sprays over the period 4/23/68 to 5/12/68, observed onalternate dates up through 5/5/68 with a final observation on 5/12/68. In taking these observations, the following rating scale was used:

0No distortion l-$light distortion 2Moderatedistortion 3Heavy distortion 4Fatal The table shows a rather constant degree of moderate leaf distortion induced by trifluralin in Group A, which tapers off toward the end of observations. Thisphenomenon plus the early leaf curl effect noted above appear to indicate that compositions including trifiuralin work with a time delay effect, the trifluralin first upsetting the plants metabolism (in effect touching off an effort by the plant to throw off the trifluralin) in the midst of which metabolic defense action, either the trifluralin and/or compound C and/or compound D, at sublethal'doses, strikes the disturbed plant with a growth impetus.

Further, Table 8 indicates synergic phenomena, in that in the earlier observations, for any given day, and especially in the peas, greater rates of distortion tend to occur as one moves from the individual compound spray groups to the composition spray groups. For example, on 4/25, leaf distortion in the peas is constant, at 2, for the individual compounds. The compositions leaf'distortion is not the additive product of the individual compounds involved, but is in every instance more severe than any of the distortion induced by an individual compound.

DWARF PEA PLANTS Spray group Leaf Stem Leaf Stem Leaf Stem Tiny tims:

.GroupA.

Group C... Group D.-.-.

Group AC" OQlOICTlNNNQ s sw OOUIOIOIUMNO Group CA Tween #20- Control Quer es-immune OQNNMMNNO oteeoweaearerome ozeweecocewnle Leaf Stem Leaf Stem Leaf Stem Leaf Stem Leaf Stem s m OONOIOUINNO ONWOIDIOIOWU! ooneweaweeww corewceceeneao oocecneaeeuoao cloeommeaeamoi OQUIUICHOIOWHO Dwarf peas:

to 'ONODWNIUINNJM Group CD Group CAD. Tween #20 1". cmenowzenleo 2". oo-lcm-n r-u-no cranium-micron:

cocmecneuetoo oczwcmeeuerec czewmmcaoneze Another indication of synergy is that, over time, the compositions tend to affect the plants more severely before the individual compounds do despite the tapering 01f effect of the trifluralin over time. Thus synergy is demonstrated in two frames of reference, the first being comparable severity of effect on a given date, the second being earlier impact.

Table 8 also shows that the famount'bf Tween #20 used is capable of affecting the plants performance, probably by inhibiting respiration. This means that it played an active role in interferring with the plants growth, but does not impair the validity of the comparisons made, because it was common to all plants. Since such a heavy rate of Tween #20 does afiect the plants, stock solutions of the present example were used (identified as the 4/12/68 stock solutions) only for the weakest of spray solutions in subsequent experiments. Also a new set of stock solutions were prepared, eight times stronger than the 4/12/68 solution, so as to minimize the quantity of Tween #20 in the intermediate and strong spray solutions of subsequent experiments. In subsequent experiments, then, the present experiments stock solutions will be identified as 4/ 12/ 68, and the stronger solutions, as the 5/20/68 stock solutions.

[EXAMPLE 5 This example also deals with herbaceous plants, i.e., Tiny Tim tomatoes, dwarf peas, and radishes. In this example and the subsequent two (Examples 6 and 7) herbaceous plants were sprayed to drip-ofl with experimental spray solutions, made up from stock solutions that are individually described in each example.

, In this example, the stock solutions used were those described in Example 4, referred to as the 4/ 12/ 6 8 stock solutions. Seven spray solutions were made up at a rate of 0.8 cc. of stock solution per gallon of tap water, by adding 0.1 cc. of the stock solution into 473 cc. (one pint) of tap water, and using an adequate amount of hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH of the spray solutions to between 3 and 4. The following spray solutions were obtained:

An 800 square foot garden plot was prepared on June 6 and 7th, using a roto tiller to a depth of seven or eight inches, working in two tons of sand, three six cubic foot bales of peat moss, and lime and fertilizer after a soil test. Also, a small part of the plot was dug with a spade to a depth of 12 inches, working in additional sand and peat moss, to provide a proper bed for the radishes.

f The tomatoes, peas and radishes had been seeded in 3 inch peat pots (3 seeds to the pot) on 4/18, 4/20 and 6/1/68"respectively, so that they would all reach an approximately equivalent condition of growth by June 4. Persistent rain in late May and early June prevent soil preparation until the ground had sufficiently dried on June 6. Because of this, spraying was delayed beyond the June 4 target date, but none of theplantsjat the time of spraying had yet developed buds and flowers, Y I

Taking 3 pots of eachtype .oflplant on June.9',.being careful that each such potindeedcontained 3 plants, the pots-were labeled in indelible-ink on Wooden labels inserted in each pot, appropriately identifying the pots as'to what spray was used, and then all 9 plants of each type of plant were sprayed to drip-off with its appropriate spray solution.

The radishes were immediately planted on June 9 in their bed. On June 10, the peas and tomatoes which had been sprayed, were planted as were their respective control plants. After the plants had well taken root in the soil, they were thinned, leaving only one plant per peat pot planted, except for the radishes.

The sprays proved too strong for the pea vines, which all died.

Upon maturing, and being harvested, only one spray group AD, exceeded the control group in gram Weight of crop yield. They were harvested on June 27, and the results are summarized in Table 9.

TABLE 9 Gram Gram Gram weight of Spray solution weight of weight of stems and (.8 cc./ga1.) entire plant radishes leaves TABLE l0.-SIZE RANGE PER SPRAY GROUP, OVER EN- TIRE HARVEST PERIOD, PLANTS SPRAYED AT A RATE OF 0.8 ,cc. OF RESPECTIVE 4/12/68 STOCK SOLUTION PER g.fiI6II%N, THREE PLANTS (T. T. TOMATOES) PER SPRAY Range Size range spread M 91 0 Vi 15-194 6 94 6-1 94 0 Spray group Control While 4 spray groups exhibited a larger upper measure over the control range upper measure, only 1 (Group C) is a sizable increase over control. In like manner, the

'range spread is quite consistent, except for Group C,

indicating that any significant divergence in gram weight per spray group over Control group gram Weight is principally attributable to increased number of fruit, rather than size.

The gram weight of the harvest of fruit 'by spray group is presented in Table 11, by each harvest date and by total harvest weight, indexed to the Control Group.

It is to be noted that over all in Table 11, of the spray groups outproduce control in gram weight of crop harvested, 4 of those groups (D, AC, AD and CAD) by substantial margins. It is even more instructive to note the effect of the. sprays upon the timing of the ripe fruit weight cycle, for it in turn reflects the budding, flowering and fruiting cycles.

The Control Group has waxing and waning cycles reaching peak gram weight on 8/9, 8/26, 9/30 and 10/26/68. Plants sprayed with compound A peak on the same dates, with an additional peak on 9/9/68, but gram yield is consistently less than control until, first 9/16 (not a peak date) and until the Control peak date of 9/ /68. The net effect is an extra peak date and a temporal delay in heaviest ripe fruiting, with a modest excess of control over all.

Plants sprayed with compound 0 (2,4-D) exhibit a peak on .7/22/68, but then do not peak again until 9/2/ 68, after two control peaks have passed. Thereafter these plants peak with the control. The net effect is an early and. considerable peak in .gram weight, almost 6 and V2 times the control yield on 8/26, followed by gram weight peaks almost perfectly aligned with the control groups (except for 8/26) but total yield is less than the control yield. That relative retardation is probably attributable to the strength of compound C in the spray solution. It is quite likely that. a weaker dose of compound C would not .have that relatively retarrditive effect.

Plants sprayed with compound D (2,4,5-T) exhibit peaks on the very same dates as the control, lagging TABLE 12.-NUMBER OF RIPE FRUIT HARVESTED EACH TIM TOMATOES SPRAYED AT RATE OF 0.8 cc./g

TABLE 11.'GRAM-WEIGHTOF EACH EXPERIMENTAL SPRAY GROUP HARVEST OF RIPE FRUIT (TINY TIM TOMATOES. SPRAYED ONCE AT RATE OF 0.8 och/gal. OF RESPECTIVE STOCK SOLUTION) ON EACH HARVEST DATE, INDEXED TO CONTROL GROUP HARVEST AND TOTAL. HARVEST GRAM WEIGHT PER GROUP; 'INDEXED TO CON- 'raorz, SUMMER OF 1968' I 7 rs 7 22 7/28 s 1 819 8/13 Gram Gram Gram Gram Gra Gra Spray group. wt; Index wt. Index wt Index wt Index wt Index wt Index Gram Gram Index wt. Index Total ram Index wt. Index 1. 26 2, 698 1. 02 i 1.27 2,076 0.81 2. 2. 1. 00 3, 84.4 1. 50 3. 07 3. 3. 31 3, 300 1. 29 1. 67 2. 46- 1. l. 44 4, 967 1. 94 1. 20 2. 39 1. 13 1. 67 2, 433 0. 96 CAD- 975 3. 66 491 4. 81 490 4. 68 565 2. 10 3, 362 1. 31 Control 267 1. 00 144 1. 00 107 1. 00 269 1. 00 2, 667 1. 00

slightly in gram weighton the first and last control peaks, but exceeding control by considerable margins on the two intermediate peak dates. The net result is a narrowing :of the time span within which major fruiting occurs by weight. j' t p 1 Plants treated with composition ,AC peak OIl1r7/22, then slump past the first control peak on 8/9. Thereafter, these plants peak with the control plants, weakly on 8/26 but very strongly exceeding control on 9/30 and 10/26, the net effect being a slight early spurt in crop yield, followed by a temporal lag in ripe fruiting but a considerable increase (20%) in overall crop yield by weight.

Plants treated with composition AD peak first on 7/28 instead of on 8/9, do not peak on 8 9 (although significantly outproducing control on that date) and then proceed to peak with the control group thereafter. The net effect is an early spurt incrop weight, followed by a relative temporal lag until 8/26 from which time the AD plants consistently out-produce the controls on peak dates (94% increase overall).

Plants treated with composition CAD exhibit an early peak on 7/22, followed by a relative slump until-peaking (weakly vis a vis control) on'8/26 andcontinuing to peak with control thereafter. The net effect is an early peak, followed by a compression of ripe fruiting between 9/30 and 10/26, at which peaks gramyieldisremarkably in excess of control (31% increase overall).

An almost identical set of patterns in regard to cyclic behavior of ripe fruiting, by number of ripe fruit, is found inrablelz- HARVEST DATE. FROM TINY 91. 0F RESPECTIVE s'roox SOLU- TIONS, INDEXED TO CONTROL GROUP HARVEST. AND TOTAL HARVESTNUMBER OF FRUIT PER SPRAY GROUP INDEXED TO TOTAL CONTROL. SUMMER OF 1968 No. of No. of No. of N0. of N0. of No. of Spray group fruit Index fruit Index fruit Index fruit Index fruit Index; fruit "Index 9 1.50 1 0.09 4 0.15 7 1. 17 15 1. 36 6 0. 42 39 1.44 66 8. 00 17 2. 83 12 1.09 6 0. 19 3 0-43 8 1.33 6 0.45- 3 0.26 7 0.26 L Control 1.00 6 1.00 11 1.00 12 1.00 I 27 1.00 7 1. 00

TABLE 12.Continned No. of No. of No. of No. of No. No.

Spray group Fru t Index fruit Index fruit Index fruit Index fruit Index fruit Index 9/30 10/7 10/13 10/26 Total No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of

. fruit Index fruit Index fruit Index truit Index fruit Index A 76 2. 81 43 2. 87 27 2.25 52 1. 93 235 1.12 C'.. 24 0. 89 18 1. 21 1. 75 39 1. 44 229 0. 79 D..-- 65 2. 41 40 2.67 24 2.00 33 1. 22 485 1. 67 AC 73 2.70 45 3.00 35 2.95 83 3.07 328 1.13 AD '44 1. 63 v 2.00 20 1. 67 47 1.74 541 1. 87 CD- 36 1. 33 27 1. 80 11 0.92 46 1. 70 258 0. 98 CAD- 82 3. 04 46 3. 07 41 3. 42 62 2. 30 318 1. 10 27 1.00 15 1.00 12 1.00 27 1. 00 29 1. 00

Conn-01...":

Suppose that the major peak of the control groups gram weight yieldis taken as a base point, and the yield before and after base point is calculated. The results appear in Table 13.

TABLE 13 Index of Index of control control Spray group Before (rounded) After (rounded) 432 0. 66 1, 813 1. 79 540 0. 71 1, 306 1. 29 754 0. 99 2, 001 1. 98 223 0. 29 2, 769 2. 73 1, 885 2. 46 1, 942 1. 92 411 0. 54 1, 617 1. 60 GAD 300 0. 39 2, 767 2. 73 765 1. 00 1, 013 1. 00

Control TABLE 14.GRAM YIELD OF TINY TIM TOMATOES, HAR- VESTED BETWEEN 8/19 AND 10/7/68, PEAK YIELD PERIOD TO CONTROL, COMPARED TO INDEX OF Data Taken From Table 11 Yield indexed Total index to period from control Table 11 Yield (rounded) (rounded) 1, 734 1. 00 1. 02 1, 189 0. 68 0. 81 3, 082 1. 77 1. 50 1, 967 1. 13 1. 29 3, 354 l 1. 93 1. 94 1, 524 0. 87 0. 95 2, 057 v 1. 18 1. 32 Control- 1, 741 :1. 00 1. 00

Table 14 shows that every experimental spray group bears, the bulk of its yield in the central time period of the control plants yields. It further shows that one compound and three compositions (D, AC,AD and CAD) havethe eifect of intensifying crop yield in that span of time to a greater degree than the control yields in that span of time. Therefore, in light! of Tables 13 and 14, it can be said that certain of these compounds and compositions can be used not only to increase the number of and total weight of fruit, but can alsobe used to advantageously adjust the timing of major fruiting induced by the experimental sprays.

The data of Tables 11, 12 and 14 demonstrate that the chief impetus to increased crop weight is not so much increase in the size of individual fruit, but principally in the increased number of relatively normal sized fruit. The positive synergy demonstrated by the data is as follows:

TABLE 11-.A

Synergy indicated by comparison of differences in percentage dilferences of gram weight induced by compounds, indexed to control weight and percentage difierences of gram weight induced by compositions indexed to control weight (percentages derived from total column in Table 11) By compounds, percent: By compositions, percent A and C=-17 AC=29 A and D=52 AD=94 TABLE 121A Synergy indicated by comparison of differences in percentage differences of number of ripe fruit induced by compounds, indexed to control number, and percentage differences of number of ripe fruit induced by compositions, indexed to control number (percentages derived from total column in Table 12) By compound, percent: By compositions, percent A and O='9 AC=13 A and D=79 AD=87 TABLE 14-A Positive synergy indicated by comparison of percentage differences in peak yields induced by compounds, indexed to peak yield period control, and peak yields induced by compositions, indexed to peak yield period control (percentages derived from yield index to period control column, Table 14) By compounds, percent: By composition, percent A and C=32 AC=13 A and D=77 AD=93 Turning to Table 11-A, it will be seen that the compo- From Table 12-A it will be seen that positive. synergy is exhibited because percentage number of fruit of the compositions exceeds the additive percentage differences from the control of their respective compounds.

It should be noted that compositions AC and AD outproduce the control, particularly composition AD with 87% gain. From Table 12 it will also be seen that composition CAD also outproduces the control.

Similarly Table 14-A demonstrates positive synergy of compositions AC and AD. Moreover these and the other composition CAD outproduce the control.

It should. be mentioned that while the major concern in this experiment was crop yield, the stem thickening effect detailed in Example 2 was also observed. The more heavily bearingplants were also invariably possessedof thicker than normal stems and lusher leaves than the less heavily bearing plants. The leaves of the control plant wererelatively' thin and paperish, without much spring to them, while the leaves of the plants treated with compound D and compositions AC, AD and CAD were almost invariably thicker, springier to the touch and more profuse than the control plants leaves.

EXAMPLE 6 The work of this example was done at the same time as was the work of Example 5. Everything described in Example as to preparation and execution is identical herein except that stronger stock solutions (of 5/20/68) were used, and so also were stronger spray solutions. As mentioned earlier, the stronger stock solutions reduce the amount of Tween #20 in the spray solutions to a level that would be effective in emulsifying, but would not heavily coat the leaves.

The concentration of the trifluralin in the sprays used herein was about 4 times its concentration in the earlier (4/12/68) stock solutions. Again, an amount of butyl alcohol suificient .to dissolve the 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T compounds was used.

The 'new (5/20/68) stock solutions comprised the following:

In preparing these spray solution, a 1.0 cc. graduated syringe was used toadd the stock solutions into the Water, using the stock solutions at a rate of 2.5 cc. per gallon and using one syringe for each of. the three stock solutions to avoid contamination. Also, it was found that drops of hydrochloric acid was required to adjust the pH of the. spray solutions to between 3 and 4.

The tomato,.pea and radish plants were sprayed to drip-off on June 9th, as described in Example 5. The radishes were planted on the same date, but the peas and tomatoes were planted .on June 10. After the plants had had. time to take root after transplanting, they were thinned so that only 3 tomato and pea plants remained in each experimental spray group. All of the peas looked poor on the day of thinning (June 19, 1968)..

The sprays proved too strong for the peas and radishes, for the peas died and the radishes were deformed. Once the tomatoes began ripening, they were picked as "often as seemed necessary and examined.

It was observed that a relatively strong fiuralin can retard crop bearing through time, even though exceeding controlin the final analysis, without however, doing. any other significant damage to the plant. Infact, those particular plants so treated fluorished in physical size, beingatleastas tall as any of .thezplants in either dosage of tri- Example 5 or 6, and t er an mos as we as being exceedingly lush and full in development...illhus, .trifluralin promotes herbaceous growth.

It was also observed that these sprays have an eifeet on the timing of the ripe fruit gram weight cycle. As seen earlier, the control group (which is common to both Example 5 and 6) shows a waxing/waning cycle reaching peaks of gram weight on 8/9/68, 8/26/68, 9/30/68 and 10/26/68.

Plants treated with trifluralin peaked at 99/ 68, 9/30/68 and 10/26/68, showing a considerable retardation in initial peak, but showing afi increase in total 9 v all yield.

Thus, atthe higher-Tied entrat in this exa'rfi-ple, trifluralin itself stimulate'di'th' g1; while the other compoundsact e It is evident from the'foregomg example bicides trifiuralin and cacodylic acid ortheir. s thal dosage, alone or in combination Fstimua; of herbaceous and woody stemmed plants andthat feachor both of these herbicidal compounds whenaednibined with the herbicides 2,4 -tiichlqrophenoxyacetic acid or its salts and/ or 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid 91; its sa lts, in sublethal dosage, also stimulates such'g th, "several of the compositions -combining"theherbicides also exhibiting positive synergismhfiuch. compounds ,and compositions also increase overall crop""yield's"andsome favorably elfect fruiting time". It 'ist'o'be noted-'that-"i 'ac of the examples set forth hereinbe'fore; the pla ere sprayed only once with the solution d i and compositions.

While preferred embodiments-or the described, it will be understdodth-dtskil make variations without departing fio'm' invention.

1. A method of stimulating'th' growth of -herbaceeus and woody stemmed plants comprising-applying'dirctly thereto N,N di-n-propyh ktriijugromethyl-2,fi-dinitroaniline or cacodylic acid or the salts thereof in a concentration and amount suificientsto effect-growthstimulation. A

2. The method of claim 1 wherein th N,N-.dieI- prdpyl- 4-trifluoromethyl-2,6-dinitroanilinejs; applied; to; drip ofl as an aqueous solution containing about 3.5 3 5 .9 ppm. of the compound. i .i

3. The method of claim 1 wherein/the second-named compoundv is sodium caeo'dylateL j 4. The method of cla'im 1 wh compound is the disodiumsaltof 5. The method of claim 1 where gee amount sufiicient to efiect growth stimulationvz about '3.-5'-+3'5.9. p.p.m.' N,N di- :2,6-dinitroaniline:and 1t2-45'. dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 9, The methodof claim. Wherei applied to -dr1p. elf-as an aqueoussolutidlr containing 3.5-35.9 p.p.m. N,N-di-n-propyl-4-trifluoromethyl-2,6-dinitroaniline and 0.6-7.0 p.p.m. sodium salt of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid.

11. The method of claim 8 wherein the second-named compound is the sodium or disodium salt of cacodylic acid and is applied to Woody stemmed plants together with the sodium salt of 2,4,S-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid in a concentration and amount suflicient to effect growth stimulation.

12. The method of claim 8 wherein the N,N-di-n-p1'opyl-4-tri-fluoromethyl-2,6-dinitroaniline is applied to the plant together with the sodium or disodium salt of cacodylic acid and the sodium salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in a concentration and amount sufficient to elfect growth stimulation.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the compounds are applied to drip oil as an aqueous solution containing about 20.0 p.p.m. N,N-di-n-propyl-4-trifluoromethyl-2,6- dinitroaniline, about 61.0 p.p.m. sodium cacodylate and about 15.0 p.p.m. sodium salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.

14.. The method of claim 8 wherein the N,N-di-n-propyl-4-trifluoromethyl-2,fi-dinitroaniline is applied to the plant together with the sodium or disodium salt of cacodylic acid and the sodium salt of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid in a concentration and amount sufiicient to eifect growth stimulation.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein the compounds are applied to drip off as an aqueous solution containing about 20.0 p.p.m. N,N-di-n-propyl-4-trifluoromethyl-2,6- dinitroaniline, about 61.0 p.p.m. sodium cacodylate and about 7.0 p.p.m. sodium salt of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid.

16. The method of claim 8 wherein the sodium or disodium salt of cacodylic acid is applied to woody stemmed plants together with the sodium salts of 2,4-

dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and trichlorophenoxyacetic acid in a concentration and amount suflicient to effect growth stimulation.

17. The method of claim 8 wherein the N,N-di-n-propyl-4-tritfluoromethyl-2,6-dinitroaniline is applied to the plant together with the sodium salts of 2,4-dichlorophen- 22 oxyacetic acid and trichlorophenoxyacetic acid in a concentration and amount sufiicient to efiect growth stimulation.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein the compounds are applied to drip 01f as an aqueous solution containing about 3.5-35.9 p.p.m. N,N-di-n-propyl-4-trifluoromethyl- 2,6-dinitroaniline, about 1.2-15.0 p.p.m. sodium salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and about 0.6-7.0 p.p.m. sodium salt of 2,4,S-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid.

19. The method of claim 8 wherein the second-named compound is the sodium or disodium salt of cacodylic acid.

20. A method of increasing the overall weight yield of fruits of herbaceous plants comprising applying to the leaves and stems thereof to drip oif prior to bud formation an aqueous solution containing about 3.5 p.p.m. N,N- di-n-propyl-4-trifluoromethyl-2,6-dinitroaniline and about 1.2 p.p.m. sodium salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.

21. A method of increasing the overall weight yield of fruits of herbaceous plants comprising applying to the leaves and stems thereof to drip oif prior to bud formation an aqueous solution containing about 3.5 p.p.m. N, N-di-n-propyl-4-trifluoromethyl 2,6 dinitroaniline and about 0.6 p.p.m. sodium salt of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid.

22. A method of increasing the overall weight yield of fruits of herbaceous plants comprising applying to the leaves and stems thereof to drip off prior to bud formation an aqueous solution containing about 3.5 p.p.m. N, N di-n-propyl-4-trifluoromethyl-2,G-dinitroaniline, about 1.2 p.p.m. sodium salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and about 0.6 p.p.m. sodium salt of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,390,941 12/ 1945 Jones 71-117 3,257,190 6/1966 Soper 71-121 JAMES O. THOMAS, JR., Primary Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R. 

